ANCIENT CARAVAN ROUTES FROM TIMBUKTU TO ESSAOUIRA: A CULTURAL & HISTORICAL JOURNEY THROUGH MOROCCO

The ancient trans-Saharan caravan routes that connected Timbuktu in Mali to the Atlantic port of Essaouira in Morocco represent one of the most significant arteries of trade, culture, and human interaction in African history. These routes, crossing vast deserts, fertile oases, and rugged mountains, played …